Understanding why kids struggle with math

Kids who struggle with math may have trouble with very simple concepts, like “more” vs. “less” and “bigger” vs. “smaller.” They may not understand amounts or the order of things, such as “first,” “second,” or “third.”

The ability to understand basic concepts like these is known as number sense. When kids have poor number sense, it’s harder to learn math.

As kids move through school, more complex math can become a challenge. This includes concepts like time, distance, measurements, money, and math symbols. Find out what math skills kids typically have at different ages.

Some kids struggle with math because of a learning difference called dyscalculia. Dyscalculia isn’t as well-known as other learning and thinking differences, like dyslexia. But experts believe it’s just as common.

There are lots of tools and strategies to help kids with dyscalculia thrive. Learn more about dyscalculia signs and how to help.

When kids struggle with math, you may see certain behaviors. Kids may avoid doing math homework or get upset when they need to do it. They might cry before math tests and refuse to go to school. This may be related to their struggles.

On the other hand, sometimes even when kids understand math, they may still feel anxious about doing it. Some people call this math anxiety. Kids get so stressed out about math that it gets in the way of learning math. It can make it seem like they’re struggling with math, even if they aren’t.

Learn how to know if a child has math anxiety.

No matter what’s causing a child’s trouble with math, there are ways to help. 

Take notes on what you’re seeing and look for patterns. It’s helpful for families, educators, and even health care providers to talk together about what’s happening. Parents and caregivers can use these conversation starters with teachers.

Looking for specific ways to help kids build math skills?

Parents and caregivers: Get more tips and strategies for helping kids with math.

Educators: Try evidence-based math strategies, like using manipulatives and number representations.